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When Premiums on Antiques Collapse

When Premiums on Antiques Collapse

If you are a frequent visitor to the Antique Sage website, you know that I talk a lot about premiums in relation to the vintage jewelry, sterling silverware and rare coin markets.  Premiums are simply the price charged on an item above and beyond its intrinsic value, usually expressed as a percentage.  Only pieces composed of precious materials (gold, silver, gemstones, etc.) have intrinsic value, but these are exactly the kinds of antiques that I’m interested in.

In one sense, a premium is the imputed artistic value of an antique item – the price people are willing to pay to acquire a historically or aesthetically interesting piece in excess of its raw material value.  As such, premiums can vary widely across both time and geographic distant.  When a certain item is “hot” in the antiques marketplace, premiums will be high.  Likewise, when an object is out of favor and few people want it, premiums will be correspondingly low.

This is pretty straightforward stuff, right?

Well, there has been an interesting trend developing in the antiques space over the past year or so.  I’ve noticed that the premiums on a broad range of intrinsically-valuable antiques have compressed considerably over that time.  In fact, it wouldn’t be a stretch to say that in some instances antique premiums have outright collapsed.

The poster child for this phenomenon is semi-numismatic gold coins.  These are coins struck before the 1930s Great Depression, when most national monetary systems were still on the classical gold standard.  Because these coins were intended for circulation, they were struck in large quantities.  Therefore, they are fairly common today (although scarcity varies by denomination, date, mint and condition) and have relatively modest premiums over their melt value.

Now, when I say that premiums for semi-numismatic gold coins are modest, I mean that even the cheapest examples (from a premium perspective) traditionally traded for 15%, 20% or 25% over melt.  There is persistent collector/investor demand for these treasures that means they pretty much never trade right at the value of their gold content, but always a bit over.

At least, that used to be the case.  Now I’m finding it increasingly easy to find pre-1933 semi-numismatic U.S. gold coins (which consistently sport higher premiums than similar foreign gold coins) retailing for 5% to 10% over melt.

This used to be unheard of.

For the better part of a century, old U.S. gold coins drew robust bids because of strong collector interest in their historical importance.  For example, in the late 1990s/early 2000s a circulated $2.5 quarter eagle gold coin might have gone for a premium of 300% or 400%.  A common-date U.S. $20 double eagle may have sold for 40% or 50% over spot.  These coins just didn’t trade close to their bullion value, unless they were heavily worn or damaged in some way.  Collectors would snap them up if their premiums dipped even a little bit.

But no longer.

A couple months ago I discovered a lightly-circulated U.S. $10 Liberty Head gold coin listed on eBay by a major bullion dealer for just 4% over melt.  And that’s not the only deal I’ve found lately either.  It is commonplace to find old British gold sovereigns selling for 3% to 5% over spot on eBay (Editor’s note: this article was written before the precious metals shortage of March 2020, so you might not be able to find the same sorts of deals today).  I even stumbled across a 1931 Austrian gold 25 Schilling coin during Black Friday (2019) selling for 2% under spot on Etsy.

This is crazy stuff.  After all, bullion dealers don’t receive the full proceeds from their sales.  They have to pay the online listing platform (eBay, Etsy, etc.) and the credit card processor their respective cuts.  They also generally have to pick up the tab for free shipping.

By the time all these fees get paid, the bullion dealer can’t be clearing more than the melt value of these coins in many instances.

But the madness doesn’t end with semi-numismatic gold coins.

Antique sterling silverware has also seen a dramatic fall in premiums.  In many instances it is possible to buy full or partial sets of vintage sterling flatware by venerable U.S. manufacturers like Gorham, Reed & Barton and Towle for very little above melt value.  Even pieces that would normally be considered high-end can sell for improbably low premiums.

For example, I recently purchased an elegant set of 1920s French teaspoons in 1st standard (.950 fine) silver on eBay (pictured in the hero image at the top of this article).  The workmanship on these demitasse spoons was absolutely exquisite.  Their classic thread, fiddle and shell pattern had been double-struck (patterned on both the front and back) in very heavy-gauge silver – a good indicator of quality.

But the real surprise was that they were created by the French silversmith and jeweler Robert Linzeler, whose mark was active in Paris between 1897 and 1926.  Robert Linzeler did top-notch work – so much so that he became a regular supplier to the French luxury firm of Cartier.  In fact, after Linzeler de-registered his maker’s mark in 1926, it is probable that he continued working chiefly as a Cartier contractor.  When Linzeler finally retired in the late 1930s, Cartier valued his firm so highly that they ended up purchasing it.

Now normally one would expect a treasure of this magnitude to sell for a very strong premium – perhaps something on the order of 200% to 400% over melt.  The value of the contained silver would typically be considered secondary to the artistic value and superlative workmanship of the teaspoons.  But in today’s tremendously undervalued antiques market I managed to pick up this gorgeous prize for a piddling 73% premium – a mere $67 above scrap value.

I paid more for the spoons’ value as silver bullion than I did for their superior craftsmanship!  This situation would have simply been inconceivable as little as a decade ago.

So what’s going on?

I suspect that many antique/bullion/collectible dealers are running into cashflow problems.  When this happens, one of the quickest and easiest ways for a business to raise more funds is to discount inventory in the hopes of drawing in bargain hunters.  Although it is too soon to tell, if my hunch proves correct we could eventually be looking at a full-blown liquidity crisis – probably sometime in 2020 to 2021 timeframe.  Under those circumstances, people with too much leverage and too few dollars will be forced to panic liquidate good antiques at great prices.

FYI, I originally wrote this article before the March 2020 market crash, so this turned out to be a pretty good prediction.

You can take advantage of this trend toward lower premiums by buying when everyone else is selling.  I would also encourage you to stack credit card rewards with eBay Bucks to maximize your purchasing power.  I have been following my own advice in this regard, and have been buying aggressively.  I am confident that my investments will appreciate briskly in due time.

 

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The Curse of the Kickstarter Wristwatch

The Curse of the Kickstarter Wristwatch

A lot of people – particularly younger, tech-savvy men – are watch lovers.  And I certainly can’t blame them for this particular addiction.  Fine mechanical watches are one of the great luxury goods of the modern era.  Unfortunately, some of these young wristwatch aficionados are occasionally tempted to get their mechanical wristwatch fix on Kickstarter.

What is Kickstarter?

Kickstarter is an online crowdfunding platform where regular people can pledge their monetary support for almost any type of creative venture under the sun.  And, unsurprisingly, luxury wristwatches happen to be one of the more popular projects on Kickstarter.

But I’m here to tell you that it’s a very bad idea to buy a Kickstarter wristwatch.

Why?  Well for a lot of different reasons, actually.  Let’s go through the list.

First, there have been hundreds of wristwatches funded via the Kickstarter platform over the years.  When I did a search on the Kickstarter website, I came up with 1,062 – over a thousand – fully funded projects through February 2020.  Now, how can a thousand different types of watches all be unique or highly desirable?  The brutal answer is that they can’t, although that reality might not become apparent for a number of years.

The next thing to hate about the average Kickstarter wristwatch is the gimmicks.  Nearly every single one of these watch projects got funded because of some over-hyped hook.  Want a Kickstarter wristwatch with a carbon-fiber/Damascus steel/titanium case?  You can have it!  Do you possess a burning desire for a wristwatch that was hand-assembled in Geneva, Switzerland by alpine gnomes?  Kickstarter has it!  Do you have an unquenchable thirst for a watch inspired by a vintage World War I trench/pro-diver automatic/luxury ultra-thin wristwatch?  Step right up and choose from dozens of different (yet all vaguely similar) Kickstarter models!

There is also the issue of the name brand (or lack thereof) attached to the typical Kickstarter wristwatch.  You see, when an individual or company goes to Kickstarter for funding, it is generally because they can’t get the funding elsewhere.

Why is this a problem?

Because in the world of collectible watches, name brands matter.  Rolex watches consistently sell for higher prices in the secondary market than Bulova watches because of the difference in the prestige of the two name brands (among other reasons).  The same thing applies to vintage watches, where a no-name chronograph wristwatch by Liban, Hilton or Clebar will sell for much less than a comparable Seiko or Omega chronograph.

Can you imagine trying to sell a Kickstarter wristwatch in 30 or 40 years?  “I know it looks just like a 1970s Omega chronograph wristwatch, but this one was made in Todd’s garage in 2017, so it must be better!”

These selling points would not go over well, especially when you consider that there will be dozens of mid-market and luxury watch brands of a similar vintage (not to mention better quality) to choose from.  So the average Kickstarter watch will not only be competing against mid-tier brands like Raymond Weil, Tag Heuer, Bell & Ross and Breitling, but also high-end brands such as Cartier, Rolex, Patek Philippe and Blancpain.

The final nail in the coffin for Kickstarter wristwatches is that their movements are, almost out of necessity, mass-produced calibers that can be commercially sourced by anyone.  A Kickstarter wristwatch is really more accurately described as a Kickstarter-cased watch.  The mechanical movement found in a Kickstarter wristwatch will invariably be a Seiko, Venus, ETA or some other third-party caliber.  And that assumes you aren’t dealing with a cheap $10 Chinese quartz movement!

As a result, the prognosis for recovering whatever money you spend on a Kickstarter wristwatch is not good.

So why do people buy watches from Kickstarter if they are such money pits?

I think there are a couple of reasons.

First and foremost, Kickstarter wristwatches are inexpensive in a relative sense.  Maybe you can’t afford that brand new $6,000 Panerai watch from the dealer that you’ve been salivating over, but a $400 Panerai look-alike from Kickstarter may be in the budget.  Kickstarter watches can be had for amounts starting as low as just $100.  Of course, you’ll get a quartz monstrosity with effectively no resale value for that price, but you’ll still get a functioning watch.

Second, I think a lot of younger watch enthusiasts simply don’t know how reasonably priced many vintage watches are.  $500 to $1,000 is enough to allow you to choose from a wide variety of different brand name, mechanical wristwatches produced between the 1920s and the 1970s.

You can find beautiful vintage Longines, Ulysse Nardin, Hamilton and Jaeger-LeCoultre watches in this price range.  They can be your choice of dress watches, divers or chronographs.  While many of these wonderful older watches are cased in stainless steel, it is possible to find some in solid 14 or 18 karat gold for that added bit of sophistication.

Of course, if you have your heart set on a Kickstarter watch based solely on its own merits, then by all means go ahead and buy it.  Just know that your chances of ever recouping your money are slim to none.

That seems like cold comfort to me when there are so many better options available.

Why throw your money away on a $300 or $400 Kickstarter wristwatch that will never be worth anything, when you can invest in a genuine vintage mechanical watch from a well-known maker for just a few dollars more?  Kickstarter may be great for funding some projects, but not for funding watches.

 

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How to Buy Modern Jewelry with Return Potential

How to Buy Modern Jewelry with Return Potential
Photo Credit: Marietta Wülfing

I was surfing through Etsy listings the other day when I came across a masterpiece.  It was an opulent Modernist 18 karat gold and sterling silver pendant set with a massive rough peridot gemstone.  The artist who handcrafted this treasure is Marietta Wülfing, a jeweler who owns a boutique atelier called Sinnlích.   Wülfing’s retail operation is located in Buggingen, Germany, a small municipality just a couple miles from the French border that is sandwiched in between the picturesque Rhine River and the famous Black Forest.

But the truly shocking thing about this candy-colored treasure of a pendant was the price – only $876 on Etsy (note that the price fluctuates slightly based on the current dollar/euro exchange rate).

All this got me thinking.  Although I typically gravitate towards vintage or antique jewelry for investment purposes, I will certainly consider a piece of modern jewelry if it has the right attributes.  Much like a different handmade Etsy piece that I highlighted in a previous article, this scintillating peridot pendant hit all the right notes.

The contrast between this magnificent Modernist pendant and the nasty jewelry you’ll typically find in chain stores like Zales or Kay Jewelers couldn’t be more extreme.

First, this gorgeous pendant has a very high intrinsic value to price ratio, which is one of the primary things I look for when buying an investment grade piece of modern jewelry.  A really good piece of jewelry will have component elements – gold, silver, gemstones, etc. – that constitute a significant portion of its value.  Although it can take some searching, it is possible to find modern jewelry selling for no more than twice its intrinsic value.

In other words, for every dollar you invest in a good quality piece of modern jewelry you can expect to immediately “recover” 50 cents or more in melt/scrap value.  This means that if you were forced to panic liquidate your jewelry, it would be possible to literally rip it apart and sell the component metal and jewels for at least a 50% recovery rate.  Of course, we would never want to do this, as a fine piece of jewelry is always worth more than the sum of its parts.  Nonetheless, it is comforting to know that your downside risk is limited in a worst case scenario.

The second attribute I value when shopping for contemporary jewelry is whether the piece is one-of-kind.  We live in an age of mass production.  As a result, I believe that unique, handcrafted jewelry will tend to appreciate in value much more quickly than similar pieces that are factory made.  The handcrafting process really allows a jeweler’s creative artistry to shine through, producing jewelry that is often closer to a miniature work of art than merely a ring or a necklace.

As an added bonus, handmade jewelry is invariably finished to a much higher standard than chain store jewelry.  The artisans who create these masterpieces usually go to incredible lengths to ensure their work is both flawless and visually appealing.  Unlike more pedestrian jewelry, you won’t find pitted metal, sloppily-cut gems or bulky prongs on fine handmade jewelry.

The final hallmark of investment quality modern jewelry is the presence of one or more large gemstones.  Gems are often the most expensive component in a piece of fine jewelry.  Indeed, it isn’t uncommon for a jewelry setting to serve primarily as a vehicle to display a particularly fine gemstone.  In fact, this is undoubtedly the case with the rough peridot pendant pictured above.

But decades of unrelenting consumer demand has steadily sucked up all the fine colored gems the world can produce and then some.  Every 10 to 20 years we discover new gemstone deposits (most recently Ilakaka, Madagascar in 1998 and Mahenge, Tanzania in 2007) that dribble out relatively small quantities of new stones into the gem starved jewelry market.  But in spite of this additional supply, colored gemstone prices have more than doubled over the past 15 years.

Large jewelry manufacturers have compensated for this gem drought by designing settings that use a multitude of small, melee stones instead of a few larger stones.  But make no mistake – this mass-produced jewelry, although impressive at a distance, is absolutely inferior to jewelry mounted with fewer, larger gems.  Modern jewelry set with small stones without a large, central gem is a cost cutting measure that the serious jewelry aficionado should avoid by any means necessary.

 

Hand-Crafted Marietta Wülfing Earrings for Sale on Etsy

(These are affiliate links for which I may be compensated)

 

So when I invest in modern jewelry I focus on artisan jewelers who set their pieces with larger gemstones.  Because of cost constraints, it is rather rare to find jewelry set with any of the big four gems (diamonds, rubies, emeralds and sapphires) at a reasonable price.  Therefore, many of the handmade pieces I gravitate towards use somewhat less expensive second-tier gemstones such as aquamarine, tourmaline, fancy garnet, peridot, spinel, tanzanite, etc.

These stones may not be as famous as the big four, but are nonetheless quite desirable in their own right.  As an added bonus, many of these lesser-known gemstones are all-natural, completely-untreated stones.  Nearly all rubies, sapphires and emeralds found in modern jewelry have been subjected to artificial treatments that can impact their durability and long-term color stability.  Even diamonds, which were largely untreated up until the end of the 20th century, are increasingly lasered or fracture filled to improve their clarity.  Treated stones, regardless of their type, are obviously worth less than comparable untreated gems.

So let’s put everything together that we’ve learned in order to analyze the Marietta Wülfing peridot pendant pictured at the top of this article.

The rough peridot used in the piece is a top gem quality specimen from Pakistan (a classic location for high grade peridot).  In addition, it is a huge stone, measuring 27 mm across by 18 mm high and weighing 28.3 carats.  As a result, I’m willing to assign a value of around $5 per carat to the gem – about $141.  If this peridot was given to a knowledgeable gem cutter, you could expect it to realistically yield two to three faceted stones totaling somewhere from 6 to 10 carats.

Although the item description doesn’t state how much gold was used in this fine piece of modern jewelry, I’m going to take a guess that it has perhaps 8 grams – just over 1/4 of a troy ounce – of 18 karat gold.  I’m guessing fairly high here because 18 karat gold is very high density stuff (about 15.5 gm/cm3), so it doesn’t take a lot of volume in order to have quite a bit of weight.

In any case, according to this estimate there is $284 worth of gold in the pendant (with spot gold trading at $1,470 an ounce).  I would also estimate the piece contains about $5 worth of sterling silver (which isn’t visible in the photo, as it is used to back the gemstone).  If you were really interested in purchasing this pendant, it would make sense to contact Marietta and ask her for the weight of the metals used in order to derive a more accurate intrinsic value calculation.

If we total all of these individual components together we get the following:

Peridot ($141) + 18K Gold ($284) + Sterling Silver ($5) = $430 Total Intrinsic Value

Our result gives us an estimated intrinsic value equal to almost 50% of the $876 cost of the piece.  This is an excellent result, especially considering that the typical piece of modern jewelry will have an intrinsic value of only 5% to 20% of its cost – even for diamond encrusted engagement rings!

Our handmade peridot pendant also eschews small accent stones in favor of a single, huge primary gem.  This is exactly what we want to see.  And while large peridot gemstones are rather common, it is still somewhat unusual to find such a gigantic specimen of such fine color and clarity.

Finally, it is obvious that Marietta Wülfing is a master jeweler who has taken great pains to ensure that this handcrafted pendant is immaculately finished.  Seriously, this thing is utterly superb in terms of its workmanship.  In addition, this piece is a breathtaking example of Modernist design, which has been the dominant style used in fine handmade jewelry (as opposed to mass-produced factory jewelry) since the 1960s.

All in all, this peridot pendant is a great example of investable modern jewelry.  It is the kind of piece that you can feel good about spending hundreds of dollars on because you know it is worth hundreds of dollars.  In another 50 to 100 years, jewelry like this will find a ready market among vintage jewelry aficionados as superlative antiques.

 

Hand-Crafted Marietta Wülfing Rings for Sale on Etsy

(These are affiliate links for which I may be compensated)

 

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The U.S. Dollar and the Coming Monetary Reset

The U.S. Dollar and the Coming Monetary Reset

We live in interesting financial times.  That’s a kind way of saying that the global monetary authorities are in the process of trashing the U.S. dollar (along with every other fiat currency out there).  Over the past decade plus our central bankers have imposed just about every form of financial repression/money printing known to man (and a few additional types they just developed especially for the occasion).

What’s the upshot of this rant?  There is an impending global monetary reset coming, and it will change all the existing rules about saving, investing and wealth.

What is a monetary reset?  Simply put, it is the long-overdue realignment of the value of fiat currency in our financial system vis-a-vis gold, silver and other tangible assets.

The first indicator that we are careening towards a monetary reset is the rapidly deteriorating U.S. budget deficit.  Now I would like to state upfront that I’m not a fiscal hardliner.  I don’t believe that a country must run budget surpluses in order to enjoy a stable and sustainable fiscal position (although it does help).  No, all a country needs to do in order not to blow itself up, fiscally speaking, is to grow its economy at a faster rate than it grows its outstanding sovereign debt.

Unfortunately, the United States (along with nearly every other developed nation in the world) hasn’t been able to do this.  Instead, U.S. spending has spiraled out of control over the past decade.  At first this overspending was in response to the Great Financial Crisis of 2008-2009.  But a funny thing happened as that financial crisis faded into the rear view mirror – the U.S. government kept on spending!

Indeed, the economy has needed an almost never ending parade of stimulus measures in order to keep its head above water.  Most recently, the 2017 Trump tax cut goosed the economy by slashing income tax rates for corporations and many households.  But it did so at the cost of a ballooning budget deficit, which surpassed -$1 trillion in both 2018 and 2019.

Surprisingly, I am not terribly concerned by our current fiscal profligacy.  Instead, I am much more worried about what comes afterwards in the 2020s.

Social Security is one of our most obvious impending fiscal disasters, but one that will only fully unfold over the next decade.  This bedrock U.S. entitlement program will devolve from a relatively modest -$80 billion negative annual cashflow position in 2019 to a staggering -$400 billion annual deficit by the early 2030s.  Of course, this Social Security-specific deficit will end up being rolled into the general budget, putting even greater pressure on U.S. government finances.

But the real coup de grâce will come when the economy next enters recession.  You see, it has been more than 12 years since the last recession hit and we are overdue for another one.  When it finally arrives, all the negative trends currently in place will be supercharged into a perfect financial storm.

A recession would cause tax revenue to plummet at the same time that government expenditures explode.  In fact, it is probable that government deficits will blow out to -$2 or -$3 trillion dollars per annum in such a scenario.  At that point, deficits of only -$1 trillion a year like we have today will seem like a sweet, distant dream.

That would be bad enough by itself, but there will be other ugly economic dynamics at work as well.  For instance, the market value of stocks and bonds will plunge during a recession, revealing most corporate, state and local government pension funds to be woefully underfunded.  Many of these pensions will subsequently fail, with their obligations absorbed by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.  As you might have already guessed, the U.S. taxpayer will ultimately be on the hook for making good on these unrealistic promises.

But perhaps the greatest contributor to a future monetary reset will be the eradication of the profitless prosperity sector in the next recession.  Uber, Netflix, WeWork and Tesla are just a handful of well known profitless prosperity mega-companies.  Most of these corporations don’t make any profits, while the few that do only possess the illusion of profitability.

This is because a decade of Fed-driven easy money policies has fundamentally reordered our economy into a bubble-addled monster.  It only works as long as investors – speculators, really – are willing to throw nearly unlimited amounts of free money into capital-burning ventures.  The moment they stop, however, the wheels will come off the magic school bus we call an economy.

But the governments and central banks of the world will not stand idly by while the financial world burns down around them.  Instead, they will crank up the printing press and spew trillions of new dollars, yen, pounds and euros into the world in an ill-fated attempt to avoid the natural consequences of earlier bad policy decisions.

In other words they will print a lot of money, devaluing the currency in the process.

In fact, they’ve already started.  The Federal Reserve recently announced that it will purchase $60 billion of Treasury bills every month until Q2 2020.  They have also assured the markets that this does not represent quantitative easing (aka money printing), even though the operations look to be more or less identical.  How much do you want to bet that when the time comes to wind down the operation in 2020, they will find an improbable reason to just keep going?  That has been their modus operandi so far and it is unlikely to change now.

In any case, it is pretty obvious that a monetary reset is coming.  This means the economy will be rocked by widespread debt defaults, a universal debt jubilee or oodles of helicopter money thrown to the masses – and possibly even all three!

This is bad because in our financial system one person’s debt is another person’s asset.  If you want to erase a bunch of debt, which our overleveraged economy desperately needs, then it also means writing down a lot of assets to zero.  Printing money and handing it out to people so that they can pay their debts might preserve the nominal value of many assets, but only does so at the cost of widespread inflation that will destroy the real value of those same assets.  To paraphrase former President Franklin D. Roosevelt, this generation has a date with monetary destiny.

The real question is what should you do about this impending disaster?

I think that answer is pretty easy: buy bullion, antiques, gemstones and fine art.  In a monetary reset scenario, conventional assets like stocks and bonds won’t perform very well.  If you are really concerned with protecting your wealth, it will be necessary to diversify into hard assets that can’t be printed by incompetent central bankers.

I have a soft spot for U.S. 90% junk silver coins because they are readily available, highly liquid and also sell for low premiums over spot.  But of course, there are many other hard assets that would do wonders for your portfolio as well.  For example, antiques such as vintage mechanical wristwatches, antique sterling silverware and fine estate jewelry would all effectively inoculate you against the coming monetary reset.  Plan accordingly.

 

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