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Engagement Ring or Investment? It Can Be Both

Engagement Ring or Investment - It Can Be Both
A fancy colored diamond mounted in a modern setting creates an engagement ring that is both attractive and investment oriented.  The naturally colored, apricot-yellow diamond shown here would be surprisingly affordable.  Its price may not be much different than that of a comparable white diamond.

You’ve finally chosen the person you want to spend the rest of your life with.  Now the time has come to seal the deal with a gorgeous ring.  Of course, any good thing comes with a price, and in this case it will be the cost of a glamorous engagement ring.  Say goodbye to anywhere from a few hundred dollars to several tens of thousands of dollars.

Or do you really have to say goodbye to that money?  Does the ring you are giving (or receiving) have any value, other than as a symbolic expression of love?  In other words, you’re potentially spending several thousand dollars on this small piece of jewelry.  Is an engagement ring an investment?  Does it have tangible value that can be expected to appreciate over time?

These are reasonable questions, especially when spending so much money for a once in a lifetime event.  Unfortunately, there are a myriad of diabolical myths making the rounds on the internet about engagement rings.  Like all good myths, they have a kernel of truth to them – just enough to convince the unwary they are completely true.

The first myth is that diamond engagement rings were a 1930s marketing ploy by diamond monopolist De Beers to sell more stones.  This is half true.  De Beers did employ the U.S. advertising company N.W. Ayer & Son in a (tremendously successful) attempt to increase diamond sales in the U.S. toward the end of the Great Depression.  Less than a decade later, Frances Gerety, a young copywriter employed by that same ad agency created what is arguably the greatest advertising slogan of the 20th century – “A diamond is forever.”

But diamond engagement rings were around long before De Beers’ marketing push.  In fact, the first recorded use of a diamond engagement ring was in 1477 when Archduke Maximilian I of Austria gave one to his betrothed, Mary of Burgundy.  Later, during the Victorian age in the 19th century, diamond engagement rings became popular among the middle class.

This was undoubtedly because large diamond deposits were discovered in South Africa in 1867, making the adamantine gems more widely available.  Before that time, diamonds were the exclusive province of the wealthy and nobility.  It’s no surprise every bride-to-be wanted a diamond of her own as soon as they became affordable!

Another false charge commonly leveled against engagement rings is that they are like cars.  Once “driven off the lot” – or in this case carried out of the jewelry store – their value drops considerably and continues to depreciate for years to come.  Once again, this myth has some truth to it.  Every jewelry retailer must have a profit margin, so it is normal for the wholesale value of an engagement ring to be less than its retail value.

But where you buy an engagement ring has a huge impact on the amount of its markup.  Buying an engagement ring online from a company like Blue Nile, Leibish & Company or James Allen will get you much more bang for your buck because these companies do not have to maintain the overhead of physical jewelry stores.  They also function on relatively slim profit margins – usually around 10% for loose diamonds – and sometimes less!

Conversely, the markup on engagement rings from national retailers like Kay Jewelers or Zales is always excessive.  Luxury retailers like Tiffany, Harry Winston and Cartier are no place to find bargains either.  They use their prestigious brand names as an excuse to charge inflated prices for engagement rings.

Another excellent way to buy a superb engagement ring at a great price is to purchase an estate ring.  The term “estate” simply means that a piece was pre-owned.  Some people might be uncomfortable with this idea, but it really is the single best way to invest in a top quality engagement ring without breaking the bank.  Think of it this way: heirloom quality jewelry rarely ends up scrapped or in the melting pot.  So many fine antique and vintage estate engagement rings are still available at reasonable prices – especially when compared to the price of new engagement rings.

Unlike a new ring, the fabrication cost of an estate ring is what is known as a “sunk cost”.  This means that the ring was made so long ago that no one is trying to make a profit based on its fabrication cost anymore.  That lack of markup translates into a better ring and more money in your wallet simultaneously.

Here is the bottom line.  There is no reason a carefully chosen engagement ring can’t appreciate like a stock, bond or any other investment.  This is because, at its core, a fine engagement ring is a work of art sculpted from gold, platinum, diamonds and gemstones that a woman wears on her finger.  Great works of art appreciate reliably over the decades and so too does a high quality engagement ring.

 

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But there are a few rules to follow if you’re considering buying an engagement ring with investment potential.  First, you must avoid buying a ring set primarily with modern-cut, white diamonds.  I know this might not make sense given that I just debunked the myth of diamond engagement rings as an artificial De Beers marketing creation.  But, unfortunately, white diamonds are simply too common to make reliable investments.

Don’t let this discourage you however.  There are exceptional diamond rings that do make good investments – notably antique rings set with old mine cut or old European cut diamonds.  These beautiful diamonds were handcrafted by skilled artisans in the near mythical diamond cutting centers of Europe in the decades before World War II.  Cushion shaped old mine cut diamonds were popular from the early 18th century to the Edwardian age – around 1910.  Old European cut diamonds – a rounder, updated modification of the old mine cut – were in vogue from just before 1900 to the 1930s.

Both of these antique diamond cuts feature deeper proportions than a modern brilliant cut stone.  This greatly enhances an antique cut diamond’s fire, or rainbow flashes of light.  However, this comes at the cost of substantially reduced brilliance – the white pinpricks of light a viewer sees.  This might seem like a dubious trade-off at first glance.  You would be wrong to assume that, however.

High quality old mine cut and old European cut diamonds explode in a dazzling display of color.  Their cut was meant to be at its best in low light conditions like candlelight.  In this endeavor these marvelous diamonds do not disappoint; their intense fire can easily be seen across a room.  The unique look and charming presence of old mine cut and old European cut diamonds is the stuff of legends.  It is the reason these exceptional gems are still so desirable today even though a century or more has passed since they were cut.

 

Old European Cut Diamond Engagement Rings for Sale on eBay

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If old mine cut and old European cut diamonds do not appeal to you, then perhaps a colored diamond would?  Diamonds are actually found in a range of colors in nature.  This includes brown (champagne), yellow (canary), orange, pink, blue, green and even red!  Colored diamonds – also referred to as fancy diamonds or fancy colored diamonds – are thousands of times rarer than their colorless counterparts.

Their incredible rarity, along with their wide range of alluring hues, is one of the reasons colored diamonds make good investments.  However, not all fancy colored diamonds are equally rare and desirable.  Champagne and light yellow canary diamonds are on the lower end of the pricing scale for colored diamonds, while orange, green, blue, pink and red diamonds are more expensive.

If you’re worried about being priced out of the market for these coveted, multi-hued gemstones, let me put your mind at ease.  Champagne, light yellow canary and even some orange diamonds are generally less expensive per carat than equivalent white diamonds!  That’s right.  You can have a stunningly unique, investment grade diamond engagement ring that will appreciate over time and it can cost less than a run-of-the-mill, cookie cutter white diamond engagement ring!

Colored diamonds have one big drawback however.  It is difficult to find them in really intense, eye-popping colors.  Colored diamonds almost universally tend towards desaturated, lighter shades, which naturally have less visual impact.  Of course, some very intensely colored fancy diamonds do exist.  Browns and yellows are the most commonly encountered intensely colored diamonds.  Unfortunately, deep brown diamonds – also known as cognac diamonds – are sometimes unattractive due to oversaturation.  Deep yellow canary diamonds, while not completely out of reach, are extremely expensive.

Vividly colored diamonds in orange, green, blue, pink and red are generally unattainable for the average person.  For example, the Hope Diamond is renowned for its fully saturated, dramatic deep blue color.  But it is also locked in a museum as a priceless treasure.  Prices for attractive, vividly colored diamonds (other than brown and yellow) usually start in the high five or low six figure range and escalate quickly from there.  Generally speaking, gemstones of this magnitude are usually reserved for movie stars, corporate titans and other wealthy moguls.

 

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Although diamonds are strongly associated with engagement rings in the public conscience, there are other compelling options available for those seeking a jaw-droppingly gorgeous, investment grade engagement ring.  I am, of course, speaking about breathtakingly gorgeous, investment quality natural colored gemstones.

Even though ruby, sapphire and emerald are the most widely recognized colored stones, they are not necessarily the best colored gemstones for an investment worthy engagement ring.  Instead, some less well known colored stones – spinel, tourmaline and some fancy garnet varieties – are not only rapidly appreciating in price, but also look fabulous in engagement rings.  This is because these gems are almost always completely natural and untreated.

This situation is actually rather unusual in the world of gemstones.  Most colored stones – including rubies, sapphires and emeralds – are subject to heat, flux filling, irradiation, diffusion, oiling or other artificial treatments to enhance their clarity or color.  Only one of these, heat treatment, has been fully accepted within the gem industry, provided it is properly disclosed.  Even diamonds are sometimes laser drilled or fracture filled to improve their clarity.  Unfortunately, these gemstone treatments – even routine heat treatment – are rarely disclosed to the ultimate consumer at the time of purchase.

Preeminent among all natural, untreated colored gemstones is spinel.  Spinel is a little known cousin to the ruby and sapphire family.  Almost chemically identical to ruby, red spinels were mistaken for the king of colored gemstones for most of human history.  It was only in the early 19th century that spinel was finally determined to be a chemically distinct gemstone from ruby and sapphire.

Spinels come in the same dizzying range of colors that sapphires and rubies do – intense blues, reds, pinks and purples.  Being so closely related to sapphires and rubies, spinels have also inherited their superb physical properties.  Spinels are tough, hard and extremely brilliant, making them a perfect colored stone investment for a breathtaking engagement ring.

Tourmalines are another class of gemstone that comes in a broad range of colors.  While commonly found in shades of blue, green, red and pink, tourmaline stones can also be multi-colored, displaying two different hues on opposite ends of the same faceted gem!

Tourmaline’s wide range of colors and good hardness, couple with the fact it is readily available in larger sizes, make it perfect for the woman who wants an impressively flashy colored stone engagement ring.  I should note that while it is relatively uncommon, tourmaline are sometimes heat treated to improve color.

 

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Garnets are usually thought of as excessively dark red stones that populate cheap jewelry.  And this can certainly be true.  But garnets are also found in a stunning range of colors – every hue of the rainbow except for blue!  These exotic, non-red garnet types are known in the gem trade as fancy garnets.

One of the most desirable fancy garnet varieties is the fabled Mandarin garnet.  Mandarin garnets, also called Spessartite garnets, are an exceptionally beautiful gemstone that range in color from light yellowish-orange to a deep, rich red-orange.  The very finest specimens are a bright, crisp pumpkin orange – a very unusual color for a completely natural gemstone.  Mandarin garnets also have excellent brilliance and hardness, making them a phenomenal choice for those seeking a unique, durable and unconventional engagement ring.

Another legendary fancy garnet variety is called Tsavorite.  This relative newcomer to the gem community was first discovered in the African nation of Tanzania in 1967.  It subsequently made its international public debut at the luxury retailer Tiffany & Co. in 1974.

High quality Tsavorite garnet is a bright, saturated emerald green color.  In fact, Tsavorite can look stunningly like emerald, except that the green garnet is tougher, more brilliant and rarer than emerald.  It is little wonder that Tsavorite prices have risen inexorably since the stone’s fortuitous discovery 50 years ago.

 

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Most women want the beautiful gemstones mounted in their engagement rings, diamond or otherwise, to be as natural as possible.  This is one reason why old mine cut diamonds, old European cut diamonds, spinel, tourmaline and fancy garnets are particularly desirable for engagement rings.  They are all extremely unlikely to have been subjected to any kind of treatment or enhancement.

In other words, the beauty you see in these gems is completely natural.  They were mined straight from the earth looking that good – a pleasant anomaly in our modern, synthetic world.  Because colored diamonds may be subject to certain treatments, it is recommended that you only consider specimens certified as untreated by the GIA (Gemological Institute of America) to ensure you are buying a completely natural stone.

In addition to buying an engagement ring set with the right gemstone, there are also a few other simple rules that can help you invest in the best ring possible.  For example, it is wise to avoid pave settings, a technique where many small diamonds or gemstones are set closely together to imitate a larger stone.

All else being equal, a single gemstone of a given weight has more investment potential than many smaller stones that aggregate to the same weight.  You want a ring set with either a single, large central stone or, at most, a few larger stones.  However, it is perfectly acceptable for a big central gem to be surrounded by a multitude of small accent stones.

 

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Another guideline is to never purchase an engagement ring mounted with synthetic or simulant gemstones.  Synthetic gems are sometimes referred to as “lab created”, “created” or “cultured” in marketing materials.  Diamond simulants like moissanite and cubic zirconia, as well as synthetic diamonds or synthetic colored stones, should all be rejected.

The only exception to this rule is antique jewelry from before World War II.  In this case, synthetic rubies, sapphires and emeralds – often calibre cut – were commonly employed as small accent stones.  Because their use is historically accurate and intrinsic to the design of some rings from the early 20th century, synthetic gems used this way do not detract from the investment potential of an antique engagement ring, assuming the large central stone or stones are genuine.

Antique engagement rings are a hot trend right now.  But their vintage look may not be ideal for everybody.  A quick overview of the styles commonly seen in antique rings can help you decide if one is right for you.

The Victorian period lasted from 1840 to 1900.  Rings during this time were characterized by heavy, yellow gold settings that were often decorated with engraved flowers, flutes and scrolls.  Claw set solitaire rings became popular during this era, although rings employing the newly developed gypsy setting were also fashionable towards the end of the 19th century.

Edwardian rings from circa 1900 to 1915 are typically light and diaphanous in construction.  They often feature ribbon, bow, garland or heart motifs set with calibre cut diamond or colored gemstone accents around one or more larger central stones.  However, it also isn’t uncommon to find rings from this period set with anywhere from one to five gemstones – often diamonds – mounted flush into a simple gypsy setting.

Art Deco, popular from about 1915 to 1935, was a starkly linear design language.  Its bold lines and rigid, geometric forms evoke the rapid and ubiquitous mechanization that dominated Western Europe, Japan and the U.S. at the time.  Rings set with large diamonds or precious gemstones of high intrinsic value dominated Art Deco jewelry.  These expensive stones were often lavishly set in white gold and platinum settings that were elaborately carved or filigreed.

If you are considering an antique ring, try to avoid buying a modern reproduction.  A reproduction ring in an antique style may possess the look you desire, but it will not appreciate in the same way as a genuine, original antique.  Numerous vaguely Edwardian and Art Deco “style” rings have been produced within the last couple of decades.

Recent imitations of these older styles will rarely adhere to all the characteristics found in original antique engagement rings.  One dead giveaway is when a supposedly “antique” ring has no wear on its shoulders or shank.  A true antique ring that is close to a century old will have at least modest wear in these areas.  In addition, only diamonds with old mine cuts or old European cuts were mounted in antique rings before the 1930s.

An engagement ring is a token of the strength of your commitment – a symbol of the eternal love between two people.  But there is no reason that this major purchase can’t also be a compelling investment as well.  The many thousands of dollars you will spend on your wedding and honeymoon will quickly evaporate, leaving nothing but memories.  They will be sweet memories certainly, but memories all the same.

An engagement ring is the one aspect of your marriage that can, if properly vetted, be a perpetual, tangible investment.  Buying an engagement ring set with an antique cut diamond, colored diamond, spinel, tourmaline or fancy garnet can provide you and your spouse an asset of lasting value.

Buying an engagement ring isn’t all about money though, so it is important that both you and your future spouse are happy with your choice.  Buy a ring that is within your budget and in a style she likes, even if it isn’t strictly “investment grade”.  Don’t blindly buy a certificate, no matter what it claims.  Instead, trust your eyes.  Buy what looks good to you.  In the end, this ring will be your treasure and your jewel.

 

Read more in-depth Antique Sage vintage jewelry investment guides here.

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Read more in-depth Antique Sage bullion & gemstone investment guides here.


Crystallized Charisma – Old Mine Cut And Old European Cut Diamonds

Art Deco Ring Set with Old European Cut Diamonds
A stunning investment grade sapphire and old European cut diamond Art Deco ring from the 1920s.  While the slightly yellowish color of the central diamond would be undesirable in a modern cut diamond, it gives this antique cut stone a warm, inviting look.

Humans are easily seduced by the state-of-the-art.  This maxim applies as readily to a sleek new iPhone as a stately BMW 7 series.  However, in our obsessive pursuit of new and stimulating desires, occasionally we forget the charms of the old.  And sometimes those old things are very, very charming indeed.

One good example of this is diamonds.  The most common cut in the diamond industry today is the round brilliant cut.  It is bright, flashy and oh so photogenic.  It is so ubiquitous that few people have even heard of its little known, but highly attractive ancestors – the old mine cut and the old European cut.

These antique diamond forms may not compare to modern cuts in terms of precision or technical accomplishment, but they possess unique optical effects that are at once bewitching and refined.

Old mine cut and old European cut diamonds are the epitome of antique elegance.  These remarkable precious gems have undoubtedly witnessed the full gamut of human emotion during their century or more of existence – passion, turmoil, temptation and more.

When the wealthy and powerful of society attended manor house dinner parties or fashionable operas, they adorned themselves with these exquisite stones.  Indoor lighting at these refined 18th and 19th century events was either candlelight or later, gas lights.

Both old mine cut and old European cut diamonds are visually stunning in these dimly lit environments, flashing a rainbow of colors that can easily be seen across a large room.  These gorgeous antique stones simultaneously exhibit an enticing warmth and undeniable charisma that is completely lacking in today’s modern cut diamonds.

Although round brilliant cut diamonds ostensibly balance the attributes of brilliance and fire, in reality very few modern stones manage to do this well.  Brilliance refers to the flashes of white light that return to the eye from a faceted diamond, while fire refers to any flashes of colored light.

Unfortunately, the mediocre cutting of most modern diamonds causes the overwhelming majority to display good brilliance, but poor or sometimes even nearly nonexistent fire.  Well-cut, modern round brilliant diamonds do have their place, especially when one craves the dazzling, “white ice” look.  But they cannot compare to the inviting warmth, subtle charm and exceptional fire of old cut diamonds.

 

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To understand antique diamonds it is imperative to know the five major parts of a faceted gem.  From top to bottom they are: the table, the crown, the girdle, the pavilion and the culet.  The table is the large, central facet on the top of a stone.  The crown is the entire upper portion of a stone – everything above the girdle.  The girdle is the “waist” of the stone, the thin line that encircles a faceted gem at its widest point.  The pavilion is the entire lower portion of a stone – everything below the girdle.  The culet is the small point at the very bottom of a cut stone.

The old mine cut is a cushion-shaped cut that was popular from the early 18th century to the end of 19th century.  They have small tables, high crowns, very thick girdles, deep pavilions and very open culets.  An old mine cut diamond’s unique character is utterly unmistakable – better experienced than simply seen.  Its deep proportions grant the stone tremendous fire, although it comes at the cost of greatly reduced brilliance.

Some degree of asymmetry is also usually apparent in almost all old mine cut specimens.  This is a natural result of diamond cutters painstakingly handcrafting the gems without the benefit of automated machinery.

Toward the end of the Victorian era, the old mine cut fell out of favor and was rapidly displaced by the old European cut.

The old European cut is a logical evolution of the old mine cut, differing mainly in its round shape.  It possesses a high crown, small table and very deep pavilion by modern standards.  The culet was often open – not forming an exact point – but was usually smaller than the culet on old mine cut stones.  The old European cut also shares the same intense fire and warm appearance of its predecessor the old mine cut.

The old European cut came into vogue in the 1890s with the development of diamond cutting equipment that allowed rounded shapes to be created more easily and with less waste.  By World War I, the old European cut had completely displaced old mine cut stones.

In 1919 a Belgian diamond cutter named Marcel Tolkowsky published a thesis that became the foundation of the modern round brilliant cut.  This mathematical formula – sometimes known as the “ideal cut” – theoretically maximizes the amount of both fire and brilliance in a faceted diamond.

In the wake of this revelation, the old European cut was rapidly abandoned, with few examples faceted after the 1930s.  Occasionally, so-called “transitional” cuts from the 1920s through the 1950s are found.  Transitional stones stand in-between the old European cut and the modern round brilliant cut in terms of composition.

A good alternate source for scarce old cut diamonds is antique diamond solitaire or engagement rings.  The diamond engagement ring first became popular as a declaration of eternal love towards the end of the 19th century.  This places it well within the period when old mine and old European cut diamonds were produced.

So it is still possible to find a fair number of Victorian, Edwardian and Art Deco diamond rings in the market.  In fact, many of the loose old mine cut and old European cut diamonds available today originally came from antique engagement rings!

We normally think of diamonds as luxury goods extraordinaire – baubles of the rich – but that idea isn’t really accurate.  In reality, diamonds – white diamonds at least – are gems of the people, readily available to both the working class and affluent alike.

At least 100 million carats of diamonds have been mined every year for the past 25 years.  After all, you wouldn’t be able to buy a diamond engagement ring for just a few thousand dollars if diamonds were exceptionally rare.  Today’s widespread availability of diamonds wasn’t always the case throughout history, though.

In ancient and medieval times, India was the world’s only meaningful source of diamonds.  The legendary mines of India had an estimated annual average production of perhaps 10,000 carats.  This effectively meant diamonds were restricted to kings, sultans, rajas, emperors and popes.

In addition, almost every ruler along the torturously long trade routes from India to Europe kept the very best stones for themselves.  As a consequence, European monarchs rarely managed to acquire truly fine, large stones until the beginning of the modern era.

In 1725 however, rich diamond deposits were discovered in Brazil.  This was good fortune, as the Indian mines were very nearly exhausted by this time.  Production from Brazilian mines may have averaged 50,000 to 100,000 carats per annum.

This increased the available supply of gem quality stones manyfold, allowing Europe’s aristocracy and wealthy merchants to own the coveted gems.  Diamonds were no longer reserved solely for kings.

In 1867, just as Brazilian production dropped precipitously, diamonds were discovered in South Africa.  By 1872, annual output from this new, prolific source exceeded 1 million carats.

This order of magnitude increase in supply completed the process of diamond democratization that had begun with the discoveries in Brazil 150 years before.  Now everyone from Hollywood starlets to average, middle class housewives could afford to own diamonds.

Each old mine or old European cut diamond is a unique, hand-made creation that must be assessed on its own merits.  Therefore, they cannot be strictly judged by modern diamond standards.

 

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For example, nearly all old cut stones are off-color.  Vanishingly few would grade higher than G on the standard GIA D (colorless) to Z (light fancy) color scale.  This is partly because diamonds from Brazil – the only available supply when many antique stones were cut – tend towards darker colors than those from South Africa.

Those antique cut stones that were exceptionally white – grades D through F – have been ruthlessly re-cut into modern round brilliant stones.  In addition, many other, less white stones have also been re-cut over the decades.  Consequently, a substantial number of formerly antique stones – especially the whitest specimens – are now lost to us forever.

The most important factor to consider in choosing old mine cut or old European cut diamonds is overall eye appeal.  Desirable gems will have strong fire, throwing countless refracted flashes of multi-colored light in all directions.  They will also invariably seem very “chunky” due to their deep pavilions and high crowns.

Fine stones will have a certain charisma that – although unmistakable – is difficult to define.  Most old cut diamonds will also possess an inviting warmth that is notably absent in modern diamonds.  This is attributable to their deep proportions combined with their very slight yellow or brown body tint.

Only consider stones with a minimum weight of at least 0.25 carats.  An old European cut diamond this size will have a diameter of approximately 4 millimeters, depending on the depth of the stone.  Diamonds below this weight are generally considering melee – small stones used as accents pieces.  While old cut diamond melee was used extensively in beautiful antique jewelry, it is too small to be investable on its own.

Although some asymmetry in old diamonds is both normal and acceptable, avoid excessively lop-sided examples.

Likewise, steer clear of stones that have a GIA clarity grade of I2 or lower.  Flaws of this magnitude are not only easily visible to the naked eye – reducing the beauty of the diamond – but can also potentially make it more susceptible to damage.  Black carbon inclusions are also undesirable, even if the stone in question technically grades better than I2.  However, minor carbon pinpoint inclusions in unobtrusive locations – near the girdle for instance – are acceptable.

As you can guess, pricing for antique cut diamonds depends greatly on quality.  A highly flawed stone of poor color and symmetry with little eye appeal with always sell for much, much less than a beautiful, clean, white stone of the same weight.  Diamond pricing also experiences price breaks at meaningful carat weights.  A 0.51 carat stone will sell for substantially more per carat than a 0.49 carat stone.  The same holds true of a 1.01 carat stone versus a 0.99 carat stone.

Pricing for both old mine cut and old European cut diamonds has changed dramatically over the last 20 years.  Previously these stones always traded at considerable discounts to their modern cut siblings.

This was because dealers only considered old cut diamonds to be raw material for re-cutting into more salable, modern round brilliant pieces.  In order to cover the labor costs and weight loss involved in re-cutting a gem, these discounts were significant – usually 20% to 25%.

However, now that connoisseurs have started to appreciate the unique charms of old mine cut and old European cut diamonds, these discounts have largely evaporated.  But due to the illiquidity of the antique diamond market, pricing can still vary widely compared to modern cut stones.

The smallest acceptable investment-grade old mine cut or old European cut diamonds weigh between 0.25 to 0.40 carats.  These specimens may trade for $1,000 to $1,500 per carat – meaning pricing realistically starts at about $400 per stone.  Such a diamond mounted in an antique ring might sell for $600 or $700, due to the value added by the setting.

Prices increase dramatically as the size of a diamond increases.  A 2 carat gem can easily trade for $5,000 a carat, or $10,000 for the stone.  If mounted in a fine antique platinum or gold setting, a stone of this caliber would be a truly stunning work of art, well worth its premium price.

With a presence and elegance rarely seen in new jewelry, lovely old mine cut and old European cut diamonds are a truly exceptional way to hold concentrated wealth.

 

Read more in-depth Antique Sage vintage jewelry investment guides here.

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Read more in-depth Antique Sage bullion & gemstone investment guides here.


An Alluring Enigma – Rough Jade

An Alluring Enigma - Rough Jade
A 1.2 pound (556 gram) block of very high quality, rough nephrite jade from British Columbia.  Notice the bright, evenly distributed green color and the obvious translucence near the edges where the material is thinner.  These are both indicators of good quality jade.

We like to think we have it all figured out these days.  The disciplines of science, engineering and computing have all converged to give us wonders beyond comprehension.  And while the advances of modern technology are truly amazing, they do tend to bleed a bit of the color from the world.  When science presents an answer for every conceivable question, doesn’t that rob the universe of just a little of its beauty and mystery?

Maybe, but mystery still abounds for those who seek it.  For example, jade – an exotic green hardstone venerated for millennia by a multitude of pre-modern cultures – still retains all the complexity and enigma of untamed nature.

There is simply nothing like holding a block of fine, rough jade in your hands.  Its softly mottled, translucent colors mesmerize the eyes even as your fingertips dance across its dense, glassy surface.  Jade reflects light in a unique way, giving its surfaces a slightly diffused, almost dreamy appearance.  And yet jade’s ethereal appearance is really a clever deception; the cryptic stone is actually harder than steel.

Jade is perhaps nature’s most perfect material, a thing that man in all his centuries of striving has still not equaled, much less surpassed.  Is it any wonder that it has been revered in East Asian cultures for thousands of years?

The Chinese, in particular, have an affinity for the precious material that is truly legendary.  A telling ancient Chinese proverb states that “Gold is valuable, but jade is priceless.”  The Chinese believed – with some justification – that jade embodied heavenly perfection on earth.

Other sophisticated Pacific Rim cultures, including the Korean Silla Dynasty, the great pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations and the New Zealand Maori, have also revered jade over the centuries.  The Chinese Qing Dynasty, in particular, was renowned for creating prized masterpieces in jade.  But it was Mughal India that arguably produced the very finest jade carvings of all time – foremost among them the wondrously delicate and fanciful Shah Jahan Cup.

Surprisingly, jade comes in a multitude of different colors in addition to its well-known green – everything from white to black to blue to lilac.  The term jade also actually refers to two different, mineralogically distinct varieties – nephrite jade and jadeite jade.  Both of these types have very similar physical characteristics and are considered true jade.

Technically, nephrite jade is a calcium magnesium-iron hydroxyl silicate, while jadeite jade is a sodium aluminum silicate.  These characteristic chemical compositions give nephrite and jadeite slightly different micro-crystalline structures.  But these differences are largely inconsequential to everyone except for gemologists; all jade possesses amazing physical characteristics.

Jade’s tenacity or toughness – its ability to resist breaking, chipping or cracking – is legendary.  It is substantially tougher than steel; a blow strong enough to deform steel might leave a similarly sized piece of jade undamaged.  This mythical attribute was widely exploited by pre-historic and ancient peoples who carved jade into highly functional axe heads and knife blades.  The treasured material’s fabled toughness has also allowed delicate jade carvings from distant cultures to survive centuries of time without so much as a single chip.

As if its extreme toughness were not remarkable enough, jade is also exceptionally hard.  On the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, jade registers between 6 and 7, versus just 5.5 for most types of steel and glass.  It also compares favorably with quartz, which has a Mohs hardness of 7.  In fact, jade is so hard that the term “jade carving” is actually a misnomer.  Jade is simply too hard and tough to carve effectively.  Instead carvers slowly and painstakingly abrade rough jade into the desired shape using ultra-hard garnet, corundum or diamond grit.

 

Untreated Rough Guatemalan Jadeite Jade for Sale on Etsy

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Historically, the nephrite jade used in ancient and medieval Chinese art was found in the Xinjiang province of western China.  Jade from this source was known as Khotan or Hetian jade.  In the 18th century China began to import jadeite jade from adjacent Burma (now renamed Myanmar).

Today, most good quality nephrite jade originates from the imposing mountains of British Columbia, Alaska, Wyoming, New Zealand and certain parts of California and Russia.  Some fine jadeite jade is also found in Guatemala, a source once exploited by the ancient Mayan civilization.

Jade is usually found in the river valleys of remote, rugged mountains, rendering mining a frustrating, backbreaking endeavor.  A substantial amount of heavy equipment is used in jade extraction, such as industrial-sized hydraulic spreaders and diamond saws.  Jade, in the form of water-worn pebbles or rocks, has traditionally been mined from alluvial (river) deposits.  Sometimes jade boulders weighing several tons are found, but they only rarely contain fine material.

Intensive mining activity due to the insatiable global demand for jade has exhausted many alluvial deposits of first-rate material.  Therefore, jade mining has recently begun to switch over to primary, in-ground deposits.  This development has driven up exploration and extraction costs considerably, but is necessary to maintain adequate supplies of high quality jade to the market.

Considering that it is possible to buy good quality rough jade by the pound or kilogram, the uninitiated may conclude that jade is a common material.  This would be a woefully incorrect assumption.  Jade mining powerhouse British Columbia – currently the world’s major source of nephrite jade – only produces around 400 tons (362 metric tons) of the coveted stone per annum.  This amount might seem impressively large until one learns that global annual gold production is close to 3,000 tons (2720 metric tons) per annum.

In addition, China’s traditional source of jade – the remote Xinjiang province – is nearing exhaustion today.  And jadeite jade has traditionally been even rarer than nephrite jade, with Myanmar and Guatemala the only significant producers today.  Good jade is astonishingly difficult to find and only getting rarer as time passes.

 

Rough Jade Blocks & Slabs for Sale on eBay

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Predictably, jade prices have exploded over the last decade, increasing by approximately 10-fold between 2005 and 2015.  This is largely due to skyrocketing demand from China’s burgeoning middle class and nouveau riche.  Jade has always been central to Chinese culture and the country’s recent prosperity has translated directly into massively increased demand.

As an unfortunate side effect the supply of China’s native Khotan/Hetian jade has begun drying up, leading to its counterfeiting on a truly grand scale.  But this presents the alternative asset investor with a unique buying opportunity.  North American, Central American and Australian/New Zealand jades (and to a lesser extent Russian jades) have been somewhat overlooked in the marketplace, leaving them underpriced relative to traditional Chinese and Burmese jades.

When investing in rough jade I believe it is advisable to pass on pieces that are thinner than about 1/3 of an inch (8 millimeters) in any one dimension.  It is difficult for an artist to carve a thin jade slab into a desirable statue, cabochon or bangle.  However specimens of stellar quality are an exception to this rule.

Avoid purchasing specimens with prominent or numerous fractures.  These flaws are not only unattractive, but may also indicate durability issues.  A little-known quality test is to closely examine any cut edge that has a 90° angle.  If the edge looks razor sharp with little or no chipping, then you know you have a good quality jade.  Conversely, if the edge is ragged or heavily chipped, then the jade is probably of lower quality.

Keep in mind that although jade can be dyed, waxed or bleached, most North American and Central American rough jade is not treated.  This is one of the major benefits of buying this kind of rough jade.  However, don’t make the mistake of believing that no North American/Central American rough jade is treated.  If it looks too good to be true, especially at a bargain price, then it probably is.

For superior returns, avoid purchasing jade that has unappealing or lackluster colors.  However, it is important not to confuse poor color with unpolished surfaces.  Rough jade is often not given a smooth, finely polished surface because it is assumed it will be further processed in the future.  Most rough jade sellers will wet their specimens with water before photographing them in order to convey a truer sense of the stone’s final appearance when fully polished.  This is perfectly acceptable if properly disclosed.

 

Untreated Rough Siberian Nephrite Jade for Sale on Etsy

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Jade pieces with evenly distributed, attractive colors or pleasing mottling are most desirable.  Look for specimens that are at least 3 or 4 ounces (about 100 grams) in weight, although this rule can be relaxed for exceptional pieces.  Don’t be scared away by irregular or asymmetrically-shaped rough; these odd shapes are often an asset to the skilled jade carver.

Although jadeite jade is rarer than nephrite jade, don’t let this be the sole, or even primary, criterion that drives your decision making.

Don’t feel the need to limit yourself to only green jade.  Other colors may have similar, or even better, investment potential compared to the more traditional, green-hued jades.  Most importantly, look for jade that is at least somewhat translucent.  Translucency is a reasonable proxy for overall quality in jade.  The more translucent a piece of jade, the finer – and hence more desirable and expensive – it is.

Rough jade is at once alluring and mysterious, yet also eminently tangible.  It is also surprisingly affordable, if sourced from North America or Central America.

A small 3 to 5 ounce (85 to 140 gram) block of medium quality rough jade can be purchased for only $40 or $50.  Prices escalate with both size and quality with multi-pound (one kilogram and heavier) specimens costing $200 to $800.  Truly gargantuan pieces can easily exceed $1,000, as can the very finest specimens.

Exceptionally transparent or unusually colored blocks of jade are rare and will command whatever price the market will bear at that time.  A judicious investment in rough jade may be a savvy way to participate in the extraordinary economic growth of China.  A stone of unusually fine properties, jade is definitely an asset worth owning.

 

Read more in-depth Antique Sage bullion & gemstone investment guides here.


Stacked Wealth – Vintage Silver Bullion Bars

Stacked Wealth - Vintage Silver Bullion Bars
An assortment of poured vintage silver bullion bars in 5 and 20 troy ounce sizes manufactured by SilverTowne, JPM (Jackson Precious Metals) and Johnson Matthey. The SilverTowne bars pictured are actually vintage issues, fabricated before the company resumed pouring new silver bars recently.

Promises, promises, promises. The world is full of promises that aren’t kept. Lovers softly coo sweet lies to their partners. Politicians solemnly swear to implement government reforms they know will never happen. Friends cheerfully, if falsely, pledge to reimburse you for their excessively high bar tab after cajoling you into paying.

Likewise, the financial world is full of promises that won’t be kept either. The city of Detroit’s pensions, Lehman Brother’s commercial paper and Greece’s sovereign debt all are pertinent, timely examples of financial promises broken.

And there is undoubtedly more where that came from. The old saying still holds true, “What cannot be paid back, will not be paid back.” However, there is at least one investment that will earnestly keep its vows: vintage silver bullion bars.

Possessing many outstanding properties, silver is the quintessential metal. It is not only mesmerizingly lustrous but also extraordinarily reflective. Silver is the best conductor of both heat and electricity among all elements. Its exceptionally high density (10.5 grams per cubic centimeter) exceeds that of both copper (9.0 g/cm3) and iron (7.9 g/cm3). Unlike most metals, silver is extremely resistant to chemical attack, tarnishing only in the presence of highly corrosive substances such as ozone, sulfur or the halogens (like chlorine).

These compelling physical properties have contributed to silver’s use in a plethora of industrial, scientific and monetary functions. But perhaps silver’s most ancient use – as a store of value – is still its best. A vintage silver bar, with its unmistakable heft and soft metallic glow, is the near perfect embodiment of tangible wealth.

There is something truly mesmerizing about vintage silver bullion bars. Their chunky style, rounded corners and slightly irregular surfaces are immediately, viscerally attractive. An old silver bar’s finish may be wonderfully patinaed from decades of storage, or as seductively lustrous as the day it left the mint, or even subtly frosted as if coated by a million tiny sugar crystals. Bullion bars evoke time-honored financial traditions, when physical wealth could be firmly held in the palm of your hand. Vintage silver bullion bars gently whisper to be treasured and possessed.

 

Poured Vintage Silver Bullion Bars for Sale on eBay

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Silver bars are fabricated in three basic ways; they are struck, extruded or poured. Most modern bullion bars are made via striking or extrusion. Today, smaller bars are usually struck while larger bars can be either struck or extruded. Silver bars created via striking or extrusion typically have very crisp details and a mirror like finish. They are unmistakably machine-made and lack the charming surfaces and mellow patina of older hand poured bars. The striking and extrusion methods, being amenable to automation, have almost completely displaced pouring as a manufacturing method.

In contrast, poured bars are created via casting molten silver into a mold and then allowing it to cool. Finally, the bar is removed from the mold and carefully struck with its weight, fineness and maker’s mark. Poured bars are oftentimes hand cast and thus significantly more labor intensive to make than struck or extruded bars. This has resulted in few refineries continuing the venerable tradition of fabricating silver bars in the old style.

One highly coveted type of poured silver bar frequently encountered is the “loaf” shape bar. These loaf-style bars are very thick and chunky with extremely rounded corners. This gives them the characteristic shape of a miniature loaf of bread. Another shape commonly found is the “kit-kat” style bar. These bars, while also thick and chunky, have somewhat sharper corners, giving them the form of an oversized kit-kat candy bar. Some vintage kit-kat style silver bars were extruded instead of poured. However, if genuinely older, these extruded kit-kat bars are still quite desirable.

 

Loaf Style Vintage Silver Bullion Bars for Sale on eBay

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The 1960s to the early 1980s were the heyday of poured vintage silver bullion bars. As the global inflation rate started to rise in the early 1960s, people began looking for alternative, inflation-resistant investments. Consequently, demand for small and medium sized silver bars skyrocketed during this period. Private refiners and mints thrived as the inexorably rising price of precious metals translated into healthy demand for their products.

However, it all quickly unwound after silver prices experienced a bubble peak early in 1980. The public reacted to the bubble by quickly dumping its collective silver stash on the market. This led to massive amounts of fine sterling silverware, rare silver coins and beautiful vintage poured silver bars being thrown into the melting pot. It is a tragedy that most of these unique, old silver bars ended up exiting refineries as soulless 1,000 troy ounce COMEX good delivery bars.

A wide variety of reputable refineries, both large and small, manufactured poured vintage silver bullion bars. Some of the old bar makers frequently encountered include Engelhard, Johnson Matthey, GA (Golden Analytical), Star Metals, NCM (Nevada Coin Mart), JPM (Jackson Precious Metals), Academy, CCM (California Crown Mint) and Phoenix Precious Metals. All of these companies are now either defunct or no longer produce silver bars.

Engelhard, for example, was the world’s leading silver bar manufacturer from the 1960s until the mid 1980s. But the company only made poured silver bars earlier in that period, later switching over to struck/extruded bars. Engelhard completely ceased silver bar production after the mid 1980s.

Due to high demand, a handful of companies have resumed production of poured silver bars. SilverTowne L.P., Scottsdale Mint, Prospector’s Gold & Gems, Monarch Precious Metals, Atlantis Mint, Yeager’s Poured Silver and Bison Bullion currently (as of 2015) produce poured silver bars. These seven refineries’ poured silver bars are recent and should not be confused with genuine, older poured bars.

Although they are not investment vehicles on par with vintage issues, these newer poured bars are still an exceptionally beautiful way to own silver bullion and might acquire collector’s status over time. Because they are still being manufactured today, pricing is competitive with other modern struck and extruded bars on the market.  If you are interested in finding out more about new poured silver bars you can read my article titled “The Investment Case for Hand-Poured Silver Bars“.

 

New Poured Silver Bars for Sale on eBay

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Poured silver bars typically range in size from 1 troy ounce to 100 troy ounces. Common sizes are 1, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 and 100 troy ounces. 1,000 troy ounce poured bars do exist, but are industrial in size (almost 70 pounds each) and cost (approximately $15,000 with spot at $15 per ounce). These 1,000 ounce behemoths should be avoided due to their limited collectability. Similarly, very small 1 troy ounce bars lack the universal investment appeal of slightly larger sizes. Stepping up to a minimum of 2 or 3 ounce bars easily remedies this minor issue.

Occasionally you will come across odd weight silver bars. For example, the bar might be stamped “10.34 troy oz.” These odd weight bars are an almost certain indicator of an older, vintage bar that is both unique and desirable.

Vintage silver bullion bars have compelling investment potential, especially when considering their impressive appearance and high intrinsic value. Premiums over bullion value range from about 25% on the low end to over 300% for extremely rare types. Larger bars typically have lower premiums than smaller bars, but will cost more because of their higher intrinsic value.

Pricing realistically begins around $120 for investment grade silver bars weighing 2 to 5 ounces. Imposingly monolithic 100 troy ounce bars the size of a small brick can easily run from $2,000 to $4,000, depending on rarity (with spot silver at $15 per ounce). Lovers, politicians and even friends may prove unreliable, but vintage silver bullion bars will always remain true.

 

Read more in-depth Antique Sage bullion & gemstone investment guides here.

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Read more in-depth Antique Sage antique silver investment guides here.